CONTENTS

Cultural Translation and Glocalization / Sun Yifeng 5

A Philosophical Interpretation of Traditional Chinese Translation Theory / Zhu Yu 12

Cognitive Researches on Interpretation in the West: An Overview / Xu Ming 16

Interpreting into a B Language: How It Could Be Raised up to the Conference

Interpreting Standards / Marianne Lederer 22

From Translating through Translations to Translating from the Original: China's Approach to Rendering Literary Works in“Minor”Languages (1949~1999) / Wang Yougui 27

Redefining Translation Context / Peng Liyuan 33

Conceptualizing a System of Translation Pedagogy / Mu Lei 41

A Semantic Analysis of Translation Shifts / Xu Lina 51

Theorizing Pragmatic Translation in China over the Past Ten Years / Lin Kenan 57

Strategies for Translating Wushu Texts / Xie Yingxi 61

Common Errors in Translating L/C / Chen Jianping 65

Interpreting into the B Language: The East Asian Experiences / Wang Enmian 72

Qian Mansu, s Rendition of The Prophet and What It Tells Us

about Literary Translation / Qin Wenhua 76

E/C Translation Practice: The Stage Coach (Washington Irving) / Liu Shicong & Bian Jianhua 79

C/E Translation Practice: A Spectacle over the Red Sea (Sun Fuxi) / Shi Zhikang 82

Han Suyin Award for Young Translators (2008): English and

Chinese Texts for Translation Contest / 91

Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue / 95

English Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue

Cultural Translation and Glocalization

by Sun Yifeng (Lingnan University, Hong Kong) p. 5

Abstract: In an increasingly globalized world, localization forces shape a powerful paradigmatic shift in viewing the vital role of translation in the global context of cross-cultural communication. The emergence of globalized commodity culture is attributable to translation and dictates the ways in which translation is undertaken. It also raises the troubling possibility of cultural colonization as a consequence of cross-cultural encounters, thereby creating a homogenized world that threatens to destroy local cultures. It is therefore a question of primary importance to (re)establish cultural location and identity in response to globalization. Through translation, a universalized and universalizing cultural language reawakens and reinforces cultural identification. Translation activities are part of local realities in relation to the global world of transnational cultures. In this respect, indigenous or local knowledge is indispensable to successful cultural translation by means of negotiating an acceptable cultural discourse for the target reader.

Key words: glocalization; localization; cultural transformation; local knowledge; translation strategies

A Philosophical Interpretation of Traditional Chinese Translation Theory

by Zhu Yu (Anhui University of Technology, Ma,an,shan, China) p. 12

Abstract: Deeply rooted in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the traditional Chinese translation theory provides a framework that integrates“personal experience”,“practical performance”and“direct intuitional perception.”A philosophico-poetic concern pervades the theory, and the cognitive mode, research approach, interpretive and terministic pattern it embodies all point to a deep influence from classical Chinese literary theory. It can thus be argued that a close tie exists among the traditional Chinese translation theory, the classical Chinese philosophy and the classical Chinese literary concepts.

Key words: traditional Chinese translation theory; scientific rationality; poetic rationality; philosophical interpretation

Cognitive Researches on Interpretation in the West: An Overview

by Xu Ming (Hebei University, Baoding, China) p. 16

Abstract: Using the salient features of interpretation and the hierarchical order of human processing of information as its organizing principles, this article surveys the cognitively-oriented researches conducted by Western scholars on simultaneous and consecutive interpretation. On the basis of their findings, the author offers a discussion of the cognitive problems encountered in the processes of interpretation.

Key words: interpretation; cognitive mechanism; information processing

Interpreting into a B Language: How It Could Be Raised up to the Conference Interpreting Standards

by Marianne Lederer (Université Paris III-Sorbonne Nouvelle, France) p. 22

Abstract: The pros and cons of simultaneously interpreting into a foreign language are discussed in this paper. The main difficulties for Chinese-English interpreting are listed and advice is given to trainees on how to work them out one by one. Based on the consensus reached by interpreting schools in the European Union, the paper also lays down directions to trainers on when and how it is advisable to teach simultaneous interpretation into B, and how to make it acceptable to foreign listeners.

Key words: interpreting; B Language; training; EMCI

From Translating through Translations to Translating from the Original: China's Approach to Rendering Literary Works in“Minor”Languages (1949~1999)

by Wang Yougui (Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou,China) p. 27

Abstract: Based on the findings of a recent survey, this article investigates into China’s changing way of translating literary works originally published in“minor”or“non-international”languages. Drawing attention to a gradual shift from indirect to direct translation of this kind of literature, the author discusses when and under what circumstances a breakthrough took place, taking a close look at how literary translations from“minor”languages fared at the end of the 20th century

Key words: “minor”language; literary translation; translating through translations; translating from the original

Redefining Translation Context

by Peng Liyuan (College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, Tianjin, China) p. 33

Abstract: Dissatisfied with Professor Li Yunxing’s discussion of “translation context” in a recent article, this paper looks into what this concept signifies by referring to how it has been theorized both in China and in the West, and redefines it in terms of three essential features, namely, subjectivity, dynamicity and dialogicity.

Key words: translation context; third-person; translator; subject of translation; subjectivity; dynamicity; dialogicity

Conceptualizing a System of Translation Pedagogy

by Mu Lei (Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China)p. 41

Abstract: The rapid development of translation teaching in mainland China calls for the establishment of an adequate pedagogical system in this field. International experiences and domestic circumstances both demand that we set up degree programs at different levels, define the educational objective and the teaching contents for each one and explore the ways to integrate these levels. By gradually changing the current practice in which degree levels and objectives are not differentiated, we can bring domestic translation teaching in line with international standards.

Key words: translation teaching; degree level; training objectives

A Semantic Analysis of Translation Shifts

by Xu Lina (Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China) p. 51

Abstract: Although shifts in any translational activity are unavoidable, it remains unclear how they are motivated, conducted and orientated, and what are the restrictions and the validity criteria applicable to them. Based on A.J. Gremas’s discussion in Sémantique Structurale, this paper examines how shifts take place in translation without going beyond the semantic boundaries of the SL text. It holds that any shift leading to the departure from semantic components of the original is undesirable.

Key words: translation shift; focus of attention; structure of semantic relations

Theorizing Pragmatic Translation in China over the Past Ten Years

by Lin Kenan (Tianjing Foreign Studies University, Tianjin, China) p. 57

Abstract: The theorization of pragmatic translation has made tangible progress in China over the past decade. While only one theory was available twelve years ago to translators working for the 43 WTTC, now we have a host of theories to consult in the translation of Beijing Olympic documents. The author argues that the time-honored principles of xindaya (faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance) might not be a good guideline for such a task, while novel concepts such as kanyixie, “pre-editing”and“A (doption)B (orrow)C (reate)”come in handy in guiding the translators through. The argument is supported by numerous examples the author has gleaned from the translation work he has performed at these two important sports events.

Key words: WTTC; Olympic Games; kanyixie; pre-editing; Adopt Borrow Create mode

Strategies for Translating Wushu Texts

by Xie Yingxi (Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai, China) p. 61

Abstract: Three components could be identified in a typical wushu text: the name, the routine, and the theory of the boxing under discussion. For their translation, different strategies ought to be adopted. The name should be rendered through transliteration (plus annotation). Literal translation (plus description) applies to the rendering of the routine part. And the theory part should be rendered through a combination of strategies so that a functional equivalence or a balanced translation could be achieved. The criteria for evaluating translations of the wushu texts, moreover, must be flexible and adaptive. They should be adjusted constantly in response to the target readers’ increasing sophistication in dealing with this kind of texts.

Key words: Wushu; translation; levels; strategies

Common Errors in Translating L/C

by Chen Jianping (Ningbo University, Ningbo, China) p. 65

Abstract: L/C is the most important means for payment settlement in international trade. Due to language discrepancies, however, there has been a rise in disputes over its use in recent years. As a unique case of ESP, L/C in English has its own linguistic features and legal functions to which translators should pay close attention. With an analysis of a sample of flawed translations of L/C, this paper sums up frequently occurring errors and their causes, identifying the basic rules and requirements in translation of L/C.

Key words: L/C; mistranslation; analysis

Interpreting into the B Language: The East Asian Experiences

by Wang Enmian (University of International Business & Economics, Beijing, China) p. 72

Abstracts: This paper looks into the practice of interpreting into the B language by comparatively analyzing surveys conducted in recent years among professional interpreters in three East Asian countries, China, Korea and Japan. In the light which these surveys shed, the author offers some suggestions to institutes of interpreters training for dealing with the problems they commonly encounter.

Key words: interpreting; the B language; training; quality evaluation

Qian Mansu's Rendition of The Prophet and What It Tells Us about Literary Translation

by Qin Wenhua (Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China) p. 76

Abstracts: This paper reviews Qianmansu’s translation of The Prophet, calling attention to the translator’s talent both in transferring thoughts and in re-creating literary effects. It argues that to translate a literary work of profound thoughts and unique stylistic characteristics, the translator must himself be someone of deep thinking and wide knowledge, with a double understanding of the Western and the Chinese culture and a gift for literary re-creation as well.

Key words: literary translation; The Prophet; Qian Mansu; spiritual value